Antibacterials

The knowledge of natural products and their antibacterial activity has led in the discovery of many antibiotics, such as penicillins, tetracyclins, vancomycin and macrolides etc. However, bacteria kept on mutating, surviving and developing multidrug-resistance. Bacterial resistance continues to develop and pose a serious threat both in hospitals and community set up. The synthetic novel antibiotics, which belonged to different chemical classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-Lactam antibiotics, beta-lactamase inhibitors, diaminopyrimidine, fluoroquinolones, ketolides, oxazolidinones and tetracyclins, are in use since their discovery. However, rapidly growing mutations in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to currently available antibacterials remain a serious threat to society. Amongst the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, the Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter strains (ESKAPE), account for the maximum cases of drug resistance.